Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms appear, but it's effectively preventable through vaccination and correct wound care. Whether you need the pre-exposure vaccine before travel depends on your destination and the nature of your trip.
When to discuss vaccination before travel
- Long stays in rabies-endemic areas (such as South Asia, Southeast Asia and parts of Africa).
- Remote areas with limited medical access, where it would be hard to get prompt follow-up treatment and immunoglobulin after a bite.
- Activities with a high chance of animal contact: hiking, cycling, camping, caving, working with animals or contact with strays.
- Travelling with young children, who are more likely to be bitten or scratched and may not tell an adult.
After a bite or scratch: wash the wound and seek care
Even if you've had the pre-exposure vaccine, after a bite or scratch you must still:
- Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and running water for at least 15 minutes;
- Seek immediate medical care for assessment and follow-up treatment.
The difference is that people who've had pre-exposure vaccination need fewer follow-up doses and usually don't need rabies immunoglobulin — particularly useful where medical resources are limited.
WHO rabies guidance supports immediate wound washing with soap and water for at least 15 minutes and medical attention after possible exposure.
Before travel: book a travel health consultation
THS centre information recommends booking a travel health consultation at least eight weeks before travel. Bring your specific itinerary and vaccination records so a clinician can assess the appropriate arrangements. If departure is soon, enquire promptly; booking advice is not a guarantee of protection by departure.
Related travel guides
For planning and official sources, see travel consultation preparation and Travel Essentials.